monetize on website traffic
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Monetizing by selling online advertising space
If you wanted to sell advertising space on your website until some time ago you had two basic choices - selling advertising directly to the advertisers or selling advertising via banner networks.
If you were selling advertising via banner networks in most cases you would have to have a fair bit of existing traffic to even be able to join a network - we are talking about over 50000 unique visitors per month.
If you were selling advertising space on your website directly, you would also have to have a lot of traffic or a very specialized website with valuable traffic to get the advertisers interested. Naturally a lot depends on your individual sales skills, but at the bottom line the price you can get coupled with the amount of sales effort required to make a good sale for smaller sites wasn't worth the effort. As a general rule of thumb, it makes sense to sell online advertising directly if you have a very large site with millions of visitors.
So as you can see at that point if you had a small or medium-size site you have very limited options to generate income from advertising and your only way to make any money was to sell a product or service, which required additional setups like payment options and such. My first site that I started with had about 30000 unique visitors per month (which in itself isn't too bad) and I had very hard time generating any income from it, as I wasn't about to go through the hassle of selling a product/service (mostly because of the payment ordeal) and advertisers weren't really bothering with a site of this scale. On a side note, the experience with building and promoting that first website has helped me earn some good $$ later, so definitely not regretting it.
Selling advertising with Pay-Per-Click programs
In the past a number of decent pay per click programs have evolved that offer opportunity to sell advertising on your site and earn money even for smaller publishers not generating a lot of traffic. The five that I know are Adsense (Google), Chitika, Yahoo!, Clicksor, Adbright. These programs let you as a publisher (provider of content) earn money from a smaller number of visitors and once you generate a minimum requirement ($100 is quite common) they will send you the payment. These programs take care of selling YOUR advertising space. In actuality they sell your advertising space as theirs, but we are not to build a brand name here - we are here to generate some additional income with the least hassle and investment.
I have had experience with Adsense and Chitika. Chitika seems to be more straight forward about the payout whereas publishing Adsense ads is pretty much trying it, seeing if you get the money you expect and if you don't try elsewhere. In my experience going elswhere was not as productive money-wise as going with Adsense. One of the reasons could be that Adsense seems to provide better targeting of their ads, which increases click through rate and results higher earnings. What has also made me favor the Adsense alternative was that Adsense offers a direct deposit option, whereby they wire the money straight into your bank account, which is very convenient.
The formula of online income
By now we have discussed that amount of traffic and cost of advertising are the two factors that determine your online income. To calculate how much you will earn from your website there are two different formulas. One is applied to CPM-based advertising (where advertiser pays for a number of times his advertisement is displayed) and the other is for CPC-based advertising (whereby advertiser pays for each click).
For CPM the formula would be: number of page views (depends on traffic) x cost per impression (usually sold in thousands) = final income.
For CPC the formula would be: number of page views (depends on traffic) x click through ratio (percentage of page views generating clicks) x cost per click = final income.
As you can see in the CPC-based advertising you have one more factor in addition to traffic and cost of advertising - click through ratio. By improving your click through ratio you can increase your total advertising income without icreasing the traffic.
I would name two factors that affect your click through ratio - accurate targeting of ads and positioining of the ads. One of the main reasons Adsense is considered the leader among Pay-Per-Click programs is because they are believed to have the best targeting of the ads. The other factor - positioning of the ads - is within your control. This is something you have to experiment with. Should advertisement blend in with your page content or should it stand out? How much advertisements to use on a page? Where to place the advertisements. These are the things you should experiment with to find an optimal placement for the ads.